Begin

The Robe You Wear

Reader-first edition: use the links, not straight swiping. This book is a playable Court simulation.

Nine Robes. Four Detonations. Sixteen Broken Worlds.

Anon E. Mouse, Esq.

Website giveaway edition. Thank you for registering for your free copy.

Visit AnonEmouse.net

Begin

Disclaimer

This is a work of legal satire and interactive fiction. It uses public figures as dramatized characters in a fictional Supreme Court simulation. It is not legal advice, not a prediction of any real case, and not a claim about what any Justice personally believes.

The purpose is to explore how four load-bearing pillars of the federal punishment machine interact: plea bargaining, supervised release, sentencing math, and probation.

Navigation note: this book works by internal links. Tap the gold choices. Do not read by swiping straight ahead unless you want to see the scaffolding behind the game.

Continue to How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

How to Play

Before you choose a robe: the next page introduces Marcus Miller, the fictional case, and the four pillars under attack.

Important reader rule: do not simply keep swiping to the next page. This is a branching-path book. Use the gold choice links at the bottom of each page. If you swipe straight through, you will walk into alternate branches out of order.

You will choose one Supreme Court robe to wear. You control only that Justice’s vote.

The other eight Justices vote according to their baseline robes. Your vote can win, or your Justice may end up in dissent.

The rhythm of the book

Choose a robe. Read the Justice profile.

Vote on a pillar. Strike it down or uphold it.

Read the tally. The book tells you the Court vote, whether you won, and who you might have needed to persuade.

Tap Continue. Move to the next pillar.

Read the mandate. The final world comes from the Court’s actual vote, not just your personal votes.

Translation: you are not God in this book. You are one Justice. You can cast a vote, write a dissent, join a majority, or try to build a coalition.

Continue to the Case

First, show me the baseline Court

Restart from the Beginning

The Case Before the Court

Start the story here. This is the setup for the game. After this, you will choose which Justice’s robe to wear.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

Marcus Miller v. United States

No. 27-404

Marcus Miller is not famous. That is part of the problem.

On paper, he is a federal defendant challenging a drug sentence. The government describes him as a mid-level fentanyl distributor who received fifteen years after pleading guilty. His lawyers describe him as the unlucky person standing at the fault line of a much larger machine.

Miller was offered a plea deal. If he accepted responsibility, the government would recommend fifteen years. If he demanded a jury trial and lost, the exposure could climb far higher. He pleaded guilty. The district court then used the Sentencing Guidelines, a presentence report prepared by Probation, and a term of supervised release to complete the sentence.

That sounds ordinary because it is ordinary. And that is exactly why the case is dangerous.

The Omnibus Petition

Miller’s lawyers did not bring one narrow challenge. They filed what the press calls the Omnibus Petition: a direct attack on four pillars of modern federal punishment.

Plea bargaining and the trial penalty: Is the jury right meaningful when the price of trial is so high that almost no one can risk it?

Supervised release: Can a court send someone back to prison after release without a new jury trial?

The sentencing grid: Can an unelected Sentencing Commission create punishment math that is officially advisory but practically gravitational?

The Probation Office: Can Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The Solicitor General warns that Miller is not asking for relief. He is asking for a controlled demolition of federal criminal justice.

The defense answers that this is not demolition. It is inspection. If the building falls when the Constitution knocks, the building was not sound.

Your Role

You are not playing Marcus Miller. You are not playing the lawyers. You are not playing Congress.

You are putting on one Supreme Court robe. You will cast that Justice’s vote on each pillar. The other eight Justices will vote according to their own baseline instincts. That means your vote matters, but it may not win.

You may write the majority. You may join a concurrence. You may lose and write a dissent that future courts remember.

Choose Your Robe

Show Me the Baseline Court First

Restart from the Beginning

Choose Your Robe

Reminder: if you skipped the case introduction, go back first. This is a coalition game. You control one Justice, not the whole Court.

Start here. Tap one Justice. Each robe has instincts, pressure points, and a different route through the same four constitutional pillars.

Nine robes hang in the chamber. Pick one.

Chief Justice John Roberts — The Institutional Guardian

Justice Clarence Thomas — The Originalist Hammer

Justice Samuel Alito — The Law-and-Order Defender

Justice Sonia Sotomayor — The Human-Cost Dissenter

Justice Elena Kagan — The Pragmatic Technician

Justice Neil Gorsuch — The Textualist Arsonist

Justice Brett Kavanaugh — The Executive-Power Stabilizer

Justice Amy Coney Barrett — The Careful Formalist

Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson — The Former Defender

See the baseline Court if everyone plays their robe

Restart from the Beginning

If Every Justice Plays the Robe

Baseline forecast. This is what happens if every Justice votes according to the instinct assigned to their robe. You can read this first or skip to choosing a Justice.

The baseline Court mandate is U|S|U|U: The Sentence Ends Here.

Pleas | Upheld, 5-4 | Uphold: Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett Strike: Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson
Release | Struck Down, 6-3 | Uphold: Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh Strike: Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson
Grid | Upheld, 5-4 | Uphold: Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett Strike: Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson
Probation | Upheld, 7-2 | Uphold: Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson Strike: Thomas, Gorsuch

Plain English: plea bargaining survives, supervised release falls, the sentencing grid survives, and probation survives.

This is the realistic twist: one Justice can alter close 5–4 pillars, but cannot single-handedly change every pillar. Some worlds require persuading other Justices.

Open the corresponding world

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

Chief Justice John Roberts: The Institutional Guardian

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You believe the Court must preserve its legitimacy, respect precedent, and avoid rulings that make the federal courts impossible to administer.

Sarcastic profile

You are the nation’s most powerful building inspector. The walls are cracking, but your first instinct is still to ask whether repairs can be phased in.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Upheld

Release: Upheld

Grid: Upheld

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Clarence Thomas: The Originalist Hammer

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You ask whether the practice has constitutional and historical footing. If not, administrative convenience cannot baptize it.

Sarcastic profile

You are the person asking whether the punch bowl has a founding-era pedigree, then pointing out that the punch bowl is full of prison time.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Struck Down

Release: Struck Down

Grid: Struck Down

Probation: Struck Down

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Samuel Alito: The Law-and-Order Defender

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You are skeptical of constitutional theories that disable criminal enforcement and return dangerous uncertainty to the streets.

Sarcastic profile

You are the Justice most likely to ask whether the defendant is terrible before the defense lawyer has finished saying good morning.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Upheld

Release: Upheld

Grid: Upheld

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Sonia Sotomayor: The Human-Cost Dissenter

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You see the people crushed under clean legal categories: poor defendants, coerced pleas, technical violations, and punishment hidden inside process.

Sarcastic profile

You are the Justice still reading the receipt after everyone else has already announced dinner was reasonably priced.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Struck Down

Release: Struck Down

Grid: Struck Down

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Elena Kagan: The Pragmatic Technician

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You want constitutional rules that can be administered. But you also know pragmatism becomes surrender when it excuses the same injury forever.

Sarcastic profile

You are trying to perform surgery while everyone else is waving either a flamethrower or a hostage note.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Upheld

Release: Struck Down

Grid: Upheld

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Neil Gorsuch: The Textualist Arsonist

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You read the text, distrust catastrophe warnings, and do not accept docket management as a constitutional amendment.

Sarcastic profile

You are standing beside a burning courthouse asking where Article III mentions fire insurance.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Struck Down

Release: Struck Down

Grid: Struck Down

Probation: Struck Down

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Brett Kavanaugh: The Executive-Power Stabilizer

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You give the political branches room to run criminal enforcement, but tools become weapons when no one checks their use.

Sarcastic profile

You are the Justice most likely to ask whether DOJ has a really good reason before eventually deciding that yes, it probably does.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Upheld

Release: Upheld

Grid: Upheld

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Amy Coney Barrett: The Careful Formalist

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

Structure matters. Remedies matter. Precedent matters. Unfortunately, in this case every principle points toward a different exit door.

Sarcastic profile

You are the Justice everyone thinks is secretly on their side until you ask one follow-up question and ruin their afternoon.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Upheld

Release: Struck Down

Grid: Upheld

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson: The Former Defender

Robe profile. Read the serious and sarcastic profile, then tap Put on this robe to begin voting.

Serious profile

You know what happens before the clean transcript begins: hallway pressure, stacked counts, PSRs, and revocations built from weak proof.

Sarcastic profile

You have seen the sausage being made and would like everyone to stop calling it artisanal.

Baseline robe instincts

Pleas: Struck Down

Release: Struck Down

Grid: Struck Down

Probation: Upheld

Put on this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Roberts helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Roberts helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Roberts helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Roberts helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Roberts's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Roberts: Upheld.

You control only Roberts's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You lost every vote. Thomas becomes the dissenting Constitution — the map not taken.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Thomas helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Thomas's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Thomas: Struck Down.

You control only Thomas's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Alito helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Alito helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Alito helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Alito helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Kavanaugh
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Alito's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Alito: Upheld.

You control only Alito's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You lost every vote. Sotomayor becomes the dissenting Constitution — the map not taken.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Sotomayor helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Struck Down.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Sotomayor's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Sotomayor: Upheld.

You control only Sotomayor's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Struck Down.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kagan helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kagan helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Struck Down.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kagan helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kagan helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kagan's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kagan: Upheld.

You control only Kagan's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Kagan, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You lost every vote. Gorsuch becomes the dissenting Constitution — the map not taken.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Gorsuch helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Gorsuch's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Gorsuch: Struck Down.

You control only Gorsuch's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 3 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 7-2 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 8-1. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 8-1 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 8-1

Uphold | 8 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 1 votes | Thomas

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kavanaugh helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kavanaugh helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kavanaugh helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Kavanaugh helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 7-2 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 7-2

Uphold | 2 votes | Roberts, Alito
Strike | 7 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Kavanaugh's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Kavanaugh: Upheld.

You control only Kavanaugh's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 6-3 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Struck Down.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Barrett helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Barrett helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Probation as Last Memory

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|S|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Only probation survives.

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: Trials and Math, No Tail

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: S|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Pleas and supervised release fall.

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Struck Down.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Barrett helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Barrett helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Judge-Centered Bargain

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|S|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Struck Down, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Barrett's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Barrett: Upheld.

You control only Barrett's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Jackson: Show how the surviving mechanism can become genuinely neutral rather than prosecution by paperwork.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Barrett

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 5-4 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar One: Plea Bargaining — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the modern trial penalty make the plea system unconstitutional when the government threatens a vastly harsher sentence after trial?

The defense says the Sixth Amendment jury right has become a luxury item. The government says guilty pleas are voluntary bargains and the only reason the courts still function.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

You have not cast a vote yet.

Vote to STRIKE — The jury right is not supposed to be a coupon the government can price out of reach.

Vote to UPHOLD — Precedent, guilty pleas, and workable dockets remain part of the Republic.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You lost every vote. Jackson becomes the dissenting Constitution — the map not taken.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: S|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Pleas

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Pleas.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Two: Supervised Release — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Can the court send a person back to prison after release for violating court-imposed conditions without a new jury trial?

The defense calls supervised release a shadow prison. The government calls it reentry, public safety, and part of the original sentence.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A post-prison cage still requires real constitutional process.

Vote to UPHOLD — Supervised release is part of the sentencing package Congress created.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|S|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You voted with the winning side on every pillar. Jackson helps shape the mandate.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Struck Down | Struck Down, 6-3 | Majority
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 6-3

Uphold | 3 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh
Strike | 6 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Release

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Release.

The Court result: Struck Down, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Three: The Sentencing Grid — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: Does the Sentencing Commission and Guidelines system improperly turn punishment into outsourced sentencing math?

The defense says Congress cannot outsource criminal punishment policy to a quasi-legislative commission. The government says the Guidelines restrain disparity and channel discretion.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Struck Down.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — Judges are not calculators wearing robes.

Vote to UPHOLD — Guidelines restrain arbitrary justice better than 600 separate empires.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 5-4. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 1 Justice from the winning side.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Roberts: Frame the switch as protecting institutional legitimacy rather than creating institutional panic.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 1 time and dissented 3 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|S|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Struck Down | Upheld, 5-4 | Dissent
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 5-4

Uphold | 5 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 4 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch, Jackson

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Grid

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Grid.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Pillar Four: The Probation Office — Jackson's Vote

Where you are: Miller is asking the Court to decide whether this pillar can constitutionally remain part of the federal punishment machine. Choose your Justice’s vote below.

Decision page. Read the argument, then choose one vote: Strike or Uphold. The Court tally comes next.

Question: May Article III courts employ officers who investigate, supervise, and supply sentencing facts?

The defense says courts cannot run their own law-enforcement-adjacent fact engine. The government says judges need independent information that does not come solely from prosecutors.

Inside the robe

Your natural instinct as Jackson: Upheld.

You control only Jackson's vote. The other eight Justices will vote their baseline robes.

Record so far

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority

Vote to STRIKE — A neutral court cannot preserve neutrality by employing its own police force.

Vote to UPHOLD — Without independent court officers, sentencing becomes a DOJ press release.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to strike Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 6-3. You are in dissent.

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Persuasion notes

Your side loses. To flip the result, you needed to persuade 2 Justices from the winning side.

Sotomayor: Show how the alternative may harm the very defendants the rule is meant to protect.

Kagan: Offer a narrow, administrable rule that fixes the injury without detonating more than necessary.

Barrett: Frame it as structure and process, not ideology.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|S

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 2 times and dissented 2 times.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Struck Down | Upheld, 6-3 | Dissent

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch, Jackson

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Vote Tallied: Probation

Result page. Your vote has been counted. Check whether you joined the majority or dissented, then tap Continue.

You voted to uphold Probation.

The Court result: Upheld, 7-2. You are in the majority.

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Persuasion notes

Your vote lands on the winning side. You may join the controlling opinion or write separately.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Continue

Redo this decision

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

Final Mandate: The Sentence Ends Here

Final mandate. This is the Court’s actual result after all four pillar votes. Your personal votes may not match the mandate.

Court mandate: U|S|U|U

Your personal votes: U|U|U|U

Macro result: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Your role

You joined the majority 3 times and dissented 1 time.

Case record

Pillar | Your Vote | Court Result | Your Position
Pleas | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Release | Upheld | Struck Down, 5-4 | Dissent
Grid | Upheld | Upheld, 6-3 | Majority
Probation | Upheld | Upheld, 7-2 | Majority

Full lineups

Pleas: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Release: Struck Down, 5-4

Uphold | 4 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kavanaugh, Jackson
Strike | 5 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett

Grid: Upheld, 6-3

Uphold | 6 votes | Roberts, Alito, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 3 votes | Thomas, Sotomayor, Gorsuch

Probation: Upheld, 7-2

Uphold | 7 votes | Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett, Jackson
Strike | 2 votes | Thomas, Gorsuch

Explore this world

Replay this robe

Choose a different robe

Use the links above. Do not swipe straight to the next page; that may take you into another branch.

Restart from the Beginning

The Sixteen Possible Worlds

Reference appendix. These are all sixteen possible constitutional worlds. Tap any world to read its full breakdown.

These are all sixteen theoretical combinations of the four constitutional pillars. Under the realistic one-Justice engine, not every world can be created by one Justice alone. That is part of the lesson.

U|U|U|U — The Status Quo Survives: The machine survives intact.

U|U|U|S — The DOJ Fact Monopoly: Probation falls; everything else survives.

U|U|S|U — The 1970s Revival: The grid dies; everything else survives.

U|U|S|S — Prosecutor-Driven Sentencing: The grid and probation die.

U|S|U|U — The Sentence Ends Here: Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

U|S|U|S — The Front-End Factory: Supervised release and probation die.

U|S|S|U — The Judge-Centered Bargain: Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

U|S|S|S — Plea Bargaining Alone: Only pleas survive.

S|U|U|U — The Trial Explosion: Plea bargaining falls; everything else survives.

S|U|U|S — Trials Plus DOJ Fact Control: Pleas and probation fall.

S|U|S|U — Trials Plus Judicial Discretion: Pleas and the grid fall.

S|U|S|S — The Sovereign's Trap: Only supervised release survives.

S|S|U|U — Trials and Math, No Tail: Pleas and supervised release fall.

S|S|U|S — The Sentencing Math Island: Only the grid survives.

S|S|S|U — Probation as Last Memory: Only probation survives.

S|S|S|S — Rebuild from Zero: All four pillars fall.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|U|U|U — The Status Quo Survives

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

The machine survives intact.

What actually happens

Nothing collapses. The Court validates the existing architecture and sends reformers back to the trenches.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Nothing.

Survived: Pleas, Release, Grid, Probation

Bottom line: Nothing collapses. The Court validates the existing architecture and sends reformers back to the trenches.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|U|U|S — The DOJ Fact Monopoly

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Probation falls; everything else survives.

What actually happens

The courts keep pleas, Guidelines, and supervised release, but lose their internal fact engine. DOJ rushes into the vacuum.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Probation

Survived: Pleas, Release, Grid

Bottom line: The courts keep pleas, Guidelines, and supervised release, but lose their internal fact engine. DOJ rushes into the vacuum.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|U|S|U — The 1970s Revival

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

The grid dies; everything else survives.

What actually happens

Judges regain discretion. Plea deals become harder to price because nobody knows what the sentence will be.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Grid

Survived: Pleas, Release, Probation

Bottom line: Judges regain discretion. Plea deals become harder to price because nobody knows what the sentence will be.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|U|S|S — Prosecutor-Driven Sentencing

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

The grid and probation die.

What actually happens

Plea bargaining survives, supervised release survives, and the judicial checks at sentencing become much thinner.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Grid, Probation

Survived: Pleas, Release

Bottom line: Plea bargaining survives, supervised release survives, and the judicial checks at sentencing become much thinner.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|S|U|U — The Sentence Ends Here

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Supervised release dies; the front-end machine remains.

What actually happens

The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Release

Survived: Pleas, Grid, Probation

Bottom line: The system still sends people to prison through pleas, PSRs, and Guidelines, but release finally means release.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|S|U|S — The Front-End Factory

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Supervised release and probation die.

What actually happens

The front-end punishment factory keeps running, but sentencing loses its neutral report and prison release loses its tail.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Release, Probation

Survived: Pleas, Grid

Bottom line: The front-end punishment factory keeps running, but sentencing loses its neutral report and prison release loses its tail.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|S|S|U — The Judge-Centered Bargain

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Pleas and probation survive; grid and release fall.

What actually happens

The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Release, Grid

Survived: Pleas, Probation

Bottom line: The plea system survives, but judges regain sentencing discretion and cannot keep a revocation leash after prison.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

U|S|S|S — Plea Bargaining Alone

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Upheld | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Only pleas survive.

What actually happens

The prosecutor’s deal becomes the primary architecture. Without the grid, probation, or supervised release, the plea is the system.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Release, Grid, Probation

Survived: Pleas

Bottom line: The prosecutor’s deal becomes the primary architecture. Without the grid, probation, or supervised release, the plea is the system.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|U|U|U — The Trial Explosion

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Plea bargaining falls; everything else survives.

What actually happens

The system faces the great docket crisis. Trials flood the courts, but the Guidelines, probation, and supervised release remain available after conviction.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas

Survived: Release, Grid, Probation

Bottom line: The system faces the great docket crisis. Trials flood the courts, but the Guidelines, probation, and supervised release remain available after conviction.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|U|U|S — Trials Plus DOJ Fact Control

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Pleas and probation fall.

What actually happens

Trials expand, the Guidelines remain, supervised release remains, but sentencing facts become a party-driven war.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Probation

Survived: Release, Grid

Bottom line: Trials expand, the Guidelines remain, supervised release remains, but sentencing facts become a party-driven war.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|U|S|U — Trials Plus Judicial Discretion

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Pleas and the grid fall.

What actually happens

More cases go to trial, judges regain sentencing discretion, and probation becomes the main source of sentencing information.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Grid

Survived: Release, Probation

Bottom line: More cases go to trial, judges regain sentencing discretion, and probation becomes the main source of sentencing information.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|U|S|S — The Sovereign's Trap

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Upheld | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Only supervised release survives.

What actually happens

The front-end machine collapses, but the back-end leash remains. Courts may lean on supervision to manage sentencing uncertainty.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Grid, Probation

Survived: Release

Bottom line: The front-end machine collapses, but the back-end leash remains. Courts may lean on supervision to manage sentencing uncertainty.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|S|U|U — Trials and Math, No Tail

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Pleas and supervised release fall.

What actually happens

Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Release

Survived: Grid, Probation

Bottom line: Trials rise dramatically. Sentencing still runs through Guidelines and PSRs, but the court loses post-prison control.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|S|U|S — The Sentencing Math Island

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Upheld | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Only the grid survives.

What actually happens

The Guidelines remain stranded without pleas, probation, or supervised release to feed and extend the machine.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Release, Probation

Survived: Grid

Bottom line: The Guidelines remain stranded without pleas, probation, or supervised release to feed and extend the machine.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|S|S|U — Probation as Last Memory

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Upheld | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

Only probation survives.

What actually happens

The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Release, Grid

Survived: Probation

Bottom line: The system becomes trial-heavy and discretionary, but probation remains the court’s institutional memory and fact source.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

S|S|S|S — Rebuild from Zero

World detail. This explains what happens under this mandate. Use the links at the bottom to return to the index or choose a robe.

Mandate order: Pleas | Supervised Release | Sentencing Grid | Probation.

Pleas | Struck Down | Plea bargaining / trial penalty
Release | Struck Down | Supervised release / revocation tail
Grid | Struck Down | Sentencing Commission / Guidelines math
Probation | Struck Down | Probation Office / PSR fact engine

Macro result

All four pillars fall.

What actually happens

This is not cartoon anarchy. It is forced reconstruction. Congress must decide what federal punishment is supposed to be.

Constitutional casualty report

Destroyed: Pleas, Release, Grid, Probation

Survived: Nothing.

Bottom line: This is not cartoon anarchy. It is forced reconstruction. Congress must decide what federal punishment is supposed to be.

Back to all worlds

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning

About This Edition

Back matter. This edition is built for ebook readers, with each playable screen separated more clearly.

This edition uses a coalition engine: the reader’s vote is one Justice’s vote, not the whole Court’s mandate.

The result is more realistic and more frustrating, which is exactly the point. A Justice can be right, can be loud, can be principled, and can still lose.

Choose a Robe | Baseline Court | Sixteen Worlds | How to Play

Restart from the Beginning